I am Simran Wadhwa nutritionist at The Kenko Life.
Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity are both conditions related to gluten, but they differ significantly in their mechanisms and effects on the body.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder. When a person with celiac disease consumes gluten, their immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine. This leads to inflammation and damage to the intestinal villi, which are tiny finger-like projections that help absorb nutrients. Symptoms of celiac disease can include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, fatigue, and malnutrition. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests for specific antibodies and a biopsy of the small intestine.
On the other hand, non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) does not involve an autoimmune response or damage to the intestine. People with NCGS experience symptoms similar to those of celiac disease, such as bloating, fatigue, and gastrointestinal discomfort, but these symptoms occur without the intestinal damage seen in celiac disease. The exact cause of NCGS is not well understood, and there are no specific tests to diagnose it. Diagnosis is usually made by ruling out celiac disease and wheat allergy.
In conclusion, celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes intestinal damage when gluten is consumed, while gluten sensitivity does not involve an immune response or intestinal damage but can still cause discomfort and symptoms.
